5^th World Conference on Climate Change and Global Warming May 23-24, 2018 New York, USA

Biography:

Rex J, Fleming completed his PhD in 1970 from the University of Michigan. He spent the next 44 years in atmospheric research and program management in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and at the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR). He served on NOAA’s Council for Long-term Climate Monitoring. He has published more than 25 papers in reputed journals. He served as: Chairman, Probability and Statistics Committee, American Meteorological Society, AMS (1976-1977); Secretary, Atmospheric Science Section of the American Geophysical Union (1984-1986); and Member, AMS Board on Women and Minorities (1986-1991). He received the Department of Commerce Gold Medal Award (1980) for outstanding achievement in directing the USA role in the Global Weather Experiment. He is an Elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). He continues to perform research within his own consulting company on nonlinear systems.

Abstract:

This manuscript will review the essence of the role of CO₂ in the Earth’s atmosphere. The logic of CO₂ involvement in changing the climate will be investigated from every perspective: reviewing the historical data record, examining in further detail the 20^th century data record, and evaluating the radiation role of CO₂ in the atmosphere -- calculating and integrating the Schwarzschild radiation equation with a full complement of CO₂ absorption coefficients.  A review of the new theory of climate change – due to the Sun’s magnetic field interacting with cosmic rays is provided. The application of this new theory is applied to climate-change events within the latter part of the Earth’s interglacial period. The application of the new theory to the Earth’s Ice Ages is summarized along with a brief discussion of the role of cosmic rays in creating significant lower layer clouds which increase the albedo of the Earth. The results of this review point to the extreme value of CO₂ to all life forms, but no role of CO₂ in any significant change of the Earth’s climate.

Biography:

Dr.Hector M. Guevara is the founder, chairman of the board, and President of various corporations, including NuEnergy Group, Inc., previously a Public Company, trading on the OTC, and now being held inactive (operations/trading stopped). Dr. Guevara has devoted the past 35 years to the research and development of renewable energy systems. Dr. Guevara’s companies designed and or produced many of the most notable solar, wind, and hydroelectric systems deployed throughout the world. The results of his research and development have been assigned to his new Florida Corporation; NuEnergy Technologies Corp. Dr. Guevara is a patent and co-patent holder in various sustainable energy and propulsion technologies. Dr. Guevara has also been the recipient of various grants from Federal Govt. Agencies, e.g., NASA/SATOP, DOE (SBIR), United Nation’s UNICEF, and others.

Abstract:

Electric power may be generated in a highly efficient manner, as demonstrated at NuEnergy’s Clearwater, FL laboratory, by TUV-PTL, as a Proof of Concept (POC). Please see attached POC copy, Appendix C, see Page 12. This POC was carried out from both, heat created by focused solar irradiation and/or the direct incidence of thermal radiation placed upon, or within proximity of NuEnergy’s Thermal Electric Generator (TEG) Cells, which were produced using single layer membranes of graphene, and placed upon a copper substrate.

As the conversion efficiency of the thermionic process tends to be degraded by electron space charges, the efficiencies of thermionic generators have previously amounted to only a fraction of those fundamentally possible. We show that this space-charge problem can be resolved by shaping the electric potential distribution of the converter, such that the static electron space-charge clouds are transformed into an output current. Although the technical development of practical generators will require further substantial efforts, we have concluded and shown that a highly efficient transformation of heat to electric power has been achieved using NuEnergy’s Thermal Electric Generator, which is being integrated with NuEnergy’s Power House Generator (PHG) & Clean Water System. For the sake of simplicity of this Abstract, I will just go on to note that the hydrogen output from the BOUNDARY LAYER TURBINE being used in our PHG is, once again, combined with Oxygen, thereby producing H2O, which is then filtered and treated by the graphene filtering layers or membranes, through which this water flows, ultimately producing copious amounts of distilled potable WATER.

Biography:

Nils-Axel (”Niklas”) Mörner took his Ph.D. in Quaternary Geology at Stockholm University in 1969. Head of the institute of Paleogeophysics & Geodynamics (P&G) at Stockholm University from 1991 up to his retirement in 2005. He has written many hundreds of research papers and several books. He has presented more than 500 papers at major international conferences. He has undertaking field studies in 59 different countries. The P&G institute became an international center for global sea level change, paleoclimate, paleoseismics, neotectonics, paleomagnetism, Earth rotation, planetary -solar-terrestrial interaction, etc. Among his books; Earth Rheology, Isostasy and Eustasy (Wiley, 1984), Climate Change on a Yearly to Millennial Basis (Reidel, 1984), Paleoseismicity of Sweden: a novel paradigm (P&G-print, 2003), The Greatest Lie Ever Told (P&G -print, 2007), The Tsunami Threat: Research & Technology (InTech, 2011), Geochronology: Methods and Case Studies (InTech, 2014), Planetary Influence on the Sun and the Earth, and a Modern Book-Burning (Nova, 2015).

Abstract:

Hazard predictions must be anchored in well-established obser-vational facts to be meaningful and trustworthy. The tide-gauge station in NYC (The Battery) gives a long term mean rise of 2.84 ±0.09 mm/yr, which does not imply too serious problems for centuries to come [1], (curve 2 in Fig. 1). Recently, however, it has been claimed [2] that there is a potential threat of a 0.6 m rise in 2050, 2.6 m rise in 2100, 10.5 m rise in 2200 and 17.7 m rise in 2300 (curve 1 in Fig. 1). This is a model-based view, which is based on a totally hypothetical “enhanced Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) melting”. We have investigated the global eustatic sea level changes [1] and been able to show that sea level is not in a drastically rising mode. Whilst the regional eustatic factor in the North Atlantic seems to be about +1.0 ±0.1 mm/yr, key sites from all over the world are indicative of present stability (i..e. ±0.0 mm/yr), at least for the last 40-70 years [3]. Also, the satellite altimetry records must be revised to values around +0.55 ±0.1 mm/yr [3]. Detailed sea level studies in the Maldives, Bangladesh, Goa and Fiji [e.g. 4] indicate that the global sea level changes during the last 500 years have been dominated by “rotational eustasy” (not glacial eustasy, as usually assumed), which is driven by solar– planetary interaction with the Earth-Moon system. In the model of [2], the author use the IPCC climate model RCP85 with an extra and totally hypothetical enhanced Antarctic Ice Sheet melting. This hypothesis is convincingly demolished by the observed present increase of the Antarctic Ice Sheet [5]. We conclude that available facts strongly support a modest rise in local sea level (curve 2, Fig. 1), and that the model-based assessment (curve 1, Fig. 1) totally fails in predicting future changes in a meaningful and realistic way. The megacity of New York have enough of problems and threats (terrorism, earthquakes, solar flare black-out, pandemic events, etc), to be bothered by largely exaggerated flooding prospects based on models and hypothetical assumptions ignoring facts observed and measured in nature.

Biography:

Dr. Carlos Eduardo is an associate professor at the Soil Science Department at the University of Sao Paulo, where he teaches three courses for undergraduate students and four disciplines for master and PhD students. His main lines of research are related to soil organic matter dynamics in tropical regions, mathematical modeling applied to soil science, soil properties spatial variability and global climate change. He published more than 140 scientific articles, 1 book and 35 book chapters. Finally, the academic is member of the Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, International Humic Substances Society, Soil Science Society of America, American Society of Agronomy e Crop Science Society of America. He is also an affiliate member of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences.

Abstract:

The interactions of land use, management and environment create a varied picture of soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics across the globe. Globally, the amount of carbon in soils, commonly represented by the mass of carbon, is estimated to be about 1500 Pg C (1 Pg C = 1015 g carbon) in the top 1 m of soil, which is 3 times the amount present in the vegetation and twice the amount found in the atmosphere. The amount of SOC has strong physical and biological controlling factors. These include climate; soil chemical, physical, and biological properties; and vegetation composition. Brazil is the third agribusiness leader worldwide, following European Union and the United States (WTO 2009). This presentation will include both an integrative view of global patterns on the distribution and trends in SOC as well as research in South America, specially in Brazil, focusing the impact of land use change and management practices on SOC. Land use change, mainly for previous agricultural practices, has often decreased in SOC stocks due to enhanced mineralization of soil organic matter (mainly to CO2). A significant fraction of the ~32% increase in atmospheric CO2 over the last 150 years stems from the breakdown of soil organic matter after forests and grasslands were cleared for farming. This process increases greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations in the atmosphere, exacerbating global warming. Conversely, adoption of “best management practices”, such as conservation tillage, biochar application, can partly reverse the process – they are aimed at increasing the input of SOC and/or decreasing the rates at which SOM decomposes. This mechanism has been called “soil carbon sequestration” and can be defined as the net balance of all GHG (CO2, CH4 and N2O), computing all emission sources and sinks at the soil-plant-atmosphere interface. It must be noted that CO2 fluxes are evaluated trough C stock changes in the different compartments and CH4 and N2O fluxes directly measured, or estimated with the best available estimates. Finally, this presentation will also present the potential effects on soil carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas emission reduction due to agricultural systems in Brazil.

Biography:

Dr. Easterbrook is Emeritus Professor of Geology at Western Washington University. He has conducted climate research in North America, New Zealand, and Argentina, has written a dozen books, 185 professional papers, and has presented 30 papers at international meetings in 12 countries. He was chairman of the 1977 national meeting of the Geological Society of America (GSA), president of the Quaternary Geology and Geomorphology Division of GSA, U.S. representative to the UN International Geological Correlation Program, and Director of Field Excursions for the 2003 International Quaternary Congress. He has received awards for ‘Distinguished service to the Geological Society of America,’ ‘Lifetime Achievement Award,’ and Honorable mention by the American Men of Science as one of “The Most Influential Scientists in North America.” He has been featured in the NY Times and has appeared on national TV network shows at MSNBC, CNN, CBS and FOX.

Abstract:

Ice Ages and other significant climate changes show excellent correlations of global temperature with sunspot activity, total solar irradiance, production of radiocarbon and beryllium isotopes in the upper atmosphere, and cosmic rays entering the atmosphere. Periods of global cooling coincided with changes in these factors during the Oort, Wolf, Maunder, Dalton, 1880–1915, and 1945–1977 Solar Minimums. How are all of these factors interrelated? During the devastating cold of the Little Ice Age from 1650 to 1700, sun spot activity on the sun virtually ceased and total solar irradiance dropped. That this was not just a coincidence, is shown by the same thing happening during each of five other cold  periods. Radiocarbon (¹⁴C) and beryllium (¹⁰Be) are isotopes produced in the upper atmosphere by colliding cosmic rays, so the more cosmic radiation, the greater the production of these isotopes. The amount of radiocarbon and beryllium produced can be measured and serves as an indicator of the amount of incoming cosmic radiation. Isotope measurements show that cosmic ray incidence was greater during each of the cold periods. Physicists have long known that cosmic rays passing thru the atmosphere produce ions (charged particles) that serve as nuclei for condensation of water vapor. In 1997, Svensmark and Friis-Christensen published the results of experiments at the Cern nuclear laboratory showing that cosmic rays do indeed generate condensation and suggested that increased cloudiness, produced by ionization in the atmosphere by cosmic rays, causes increased reflection of incoming solar energy and results in enough cooling of the atmosphere to cause climate changes. The geologic evidence of the relationships between global temperature, sunspot activity, total solar irradiance, production of radiocarbon and beryllium isotopes in the upper atmosphere, and cosmic ray incidence, provides a satisfactory explanation for the cause of both long-term and short-term climate changes.